Whenever possible, measures were based on existing scales except for actual adoption behaviour measured by the Networked Readiness Index. The Networked Readiness Index is an index developed annually by the World Economic Forum (2006) that measures the level of internet readiness in terms of actual usage. Because the index measures a country’s internet adoption readiness and because ecommerce commonly relates to product and information transactions using the internet, the index is apt for gauging actual ecommerce adoption.