Despite the criticality of a healthy partnership between CEOs and CIOs in organizations for effective business–IT alignment, we still know little about how crucial yet under-researched facets of mutual understanding compare between CEOs and CIOs and how their ability of mutual perspectivetaking
affects the quality of collaboration in their partnership. Drawing on two established theoretical
models in social and personal relationship research, the perceptual congruence model (PCM) and the
actor–partner interdependence model (APIM), our study examines 102 matched-pair survey responses of CEOs and CIOs using dyadic data analysis. Our findings show that both executives’ actual opinions on important business and IT topics are more similar than both perceive them to be. Accordingly, perceptions of each other’s opinions are negatively biased away from their real opinions. Moreover, our study demonstrates that CIOs’ understanding of their CEO plays a more pivotal role in predicting the quality of CEO–CIO collaboration than CEOs’ understanding of their CIO; this highlights the disparate importance of an active and passive role of understanding in the CEO–CIO partnership. Implications for research and practice are discussed.